11.三次分配主要是企业、社会组织、家族、家庭和个人等基于自愿原则和道德准则，以募集、捐18.治国之道，富民为始。不断完善社会保障制度是扎实推进共同富裕的有效举措。下列选项赠、资助、义工等慈善、公益方式对所属资源和财富进行分配。由此可见，三次分配对这一举措发挥作用的过程描述正确的是①是对初次分配和再分配的有益补充①健全城乡居民养老保险制度→缩小城乡收入差距②以高收入群体自愿为基础实现社会共济完善社会保障制度→②优化财政补助方式→落实困难人群帮扶补助项目→共同富裕③可以缩小收入差距、促进社会公正义③制定专项实施方案→提升中高收入群体消费能力④发挥了政府在收入分配中的主导作用④推进新型基础设施建设·凸显政府宏观调控实效A.①②B.①③C.②④D.③④A.①②B.①③C.②④D.③④12.2021年，某省继续提高城乡居民养老金进一步深化社保制度改革，强化兜底保障，防控基金班级姓名分数风险，着力构建覆盖全民、统筹城乡、公统一、可持续的多层次社会保障体系。该省着力构建多层次社会保障体系题号1234679①目的是通过再分配让城乡居民共享改革红利答業些②有利于保障人民生活，促进经济社会协调发展③需要促进智慧健康养老产品及服务的推广应用题号10111213141516171④要强化公共服务保障，推动基本公共服务均化容案努A.①②B.①③C.②④D.③④二、非选择题（本大题共2小题，共46分13.2021年7月15日，某国有控股上市公司发布核心骨干持股计划，金额10亿元。本持股计19.阅读材料，完成下列要求。(20分)◇划的参与对象为公司董事（不含独立董事）、监事、高级管理人员，以及公司及全资子公司经改革开放40多年来，我国国内生产总值(GDP)大幅增长，在人均GDP增长的基础上，董事会认定对公司整体业绩和中长期发展具有重要作用的中层及以上人员和核心骨干。该居民人均可支配收入也保持了总体同步。进入高质量发展阶段，坚持共享发展既要做大“蛋公司这一计划的实施糕”，也要分好“蛋糕”。相应地，收入分配从以初次分配为主，逐步提高再分配的作用，转向①意在通过再分配调节机制提高劳动报酬比重初次分配、再分配、三次分配互为补充和协调配套，更加注重效率和公有机统一。2021年学②意在建立长效激励机制，激发企业内在活力8月17日召开的中央财经委员会第十次会议强调，在高质量发展中促进共同富裕，正确处③有利于发挥人才资源对企业发展的重要作用理效率和公的关系，构建初次分配、再分配、三次分配协调配套的基础性制度安排④有利于缩小员工收入差距实现发展成果共享结合材料，运用经济生活知识，说明要在高质量发展中促进共同富裕的原因。◇A.①③B.①④C.②③D.②④14.大数据是信息产业持续高速增长的新引擎，催生新型全产业链。十九届四中全会首次提出将数据作为生产要素由市场评价贡献、按贡献参与分配。数据作为生产要素参与分配，有20.阅读材料，完成下列要求。(26分)浴利于材料一“十四五”规划《建议》首次提出，把全体人民共同富裕取得更为明显的实质性进展①完善按要素分配的再分配调节机制②激发数据要素活力，促进数字经济发展作为远景目标，在高质量发展中促进共同富裕。党的十八大以来，陕西榆林市郝家桥村为促进经济高质量发展，成立了村集体经济股份③缩小收入差距，促进收入分配公④引导和促进新产业的蓬勃发展合作社，建成了生态果园、温室大棚，湖羊和生猪养殖场、光伏电站等，形成了集现代农业、规◇A.①③B.①④C.②③D.②④模养殖、光伏发电、乡村旅游为一体的特色产业体系；实行以土地流转为基础的“资源变资15.为推动乡村振兴、实现广大村民的经济增收，某村成立了股份经济合作社，该合作社以“企业产、资金变股金、农民变股东”的“三变”改革，按照人股、地股计算向村民分红；千方百计增加主导，集体参股，合作共赢”为理念，同时采取“保底收益十按股分红”等方式，鼓励更多村民村民收入，坚持多劳多得，促进当地企业收入分配向一线劳动者倾斜；组织开展捐赠活动，鼓出资金入股，不但让村民变“股民”获得红利，还为村级公益事业提供了资金支持。该村做法励高收入家庭和企业投身公益事业，更多回报社会。一系列举措使郝家桥村村民的生活发①改变了农村基本分配制度，解放和发展了农村社会生产力生了深刻变化，增进了当地民生福祉，扎实有力地推进着共同富裕②探索农村集体经济多种实现方式，释放农村集体经济活力材料二织密兜牢基本民生网底一就业问题，关系到人民群众的获得感和幸福感，也彰显烟◇③实现各类生产要素的有效利用，让创造财富的源泉充分涌流着一个国家的民生温度。④促进农村非公有制经济的发展，优化产业经营模式随着我国经济持续复苏，减负稳岗扩就业政策延续实施，全方位就业服务持续发力，数A.①②B.①④C.②③D.③④字经济迅速发展，就业形势好于预期，2021年1一10月，全国城镇新增就业1133万人，提前16.《中共中央国务院关于支持浙江高质量发展建设共同富裕示范区的意见》提出，支持企业通完成全年目标任务。国家统计数据显示，2021年前三季度我国经济同比增长9.8%，新增就e过提质增效拓展从业人员增收空间；合理提高劳动报酬及其在初次分配中的比重。下列举业同比增长55.58%；国家继续降低失业工商保险费率，扩大失业保险返还政策惠及范围，措符合上述要求的有及时在减税降费、援企稳岗、普惠金融等方面出台了惠企政策；进一步强化就业帮扶，完善就①完善上市公司分红制度②完善创新要素参与分配机制业服务，开展就业培训，拓宽就业渠道，提升就业服务质量工程；加快5G商用发展步伐，深③合理调整最低工资标准④加大政府财政转移支付力度入推进战略性新兴产业集群发展工程，以促进更充分更高质量就业。A.①②B.①④C.②③D.③④(1)结合材料一，运用“收入分配与社会公”的相关知识，说明郝家桥村是如何增进民生福17.某省决定自2021年9月1日起调整全省最低工资标准，较原来每档分别增长200元。上调祉，推进共同富裕的。(16分)最低工资标准有利于①降低居民食品支出比例，提高生活水②缩小地区的收入差距，促进收入分配公(2)结合材料二，运用经济生活知识，说明我国是如何织密兜牢基本民生网底，提高人民群众③激发劳动者特别是一线劳动者积极性获得感和幸福感的。(10分)④理顺分配关系，共享改革发展成果A.①②B.①③C.②④D.③④政治（七）第3页（共4页）名师卷·周测卷政治（七）第4页（共4页）

学号C,坚持独立自主的和外交方针D.发展改变了世界对中国的认识金太阳AB创新卷·历史8.1948年6月，苏联全面切断德国西吉区同柏林之间的水陆交通，柏林危机由此产生。面对危机，西方国家的应对方案是向柏林空运物资，该方案的实施情况见下表。这一方案的实施反映出滚动卷（四）现代中国的对外关系西柏林居民250万人当今世界政治格局的多极化趋势持续时间11个月40分钟100分)飞行航次19.5万考情分析II运送物资140余万吨主要以选择题形式考查，如新中四初期的重大外交活动，中美、中日关系正常化，二战后美苏关系的高潮时8000吨/天高考对接点流变，不结盟运动，等等空运费用2.5亿美元知识疑难点中国新时期外交政策的特，点、欧洲一体化的趋势和特点、世界多极化发展的因素等注：数据来源为王斯德主编《世界通史)（第三编）滚动知识点空想社会主义、新时期爱国统一战线A,西方大国分裂德国的决心B.苏联无力保障柏林的生活C,全面冷战影响交通的发展D.西方国家强大的经济实力9.应日本的要求，1960年，日美两国把《日美安全保障条约修订为（日美共同合作和安全条约）。这一修订8第I卷（选择题共48分）A.标志着日美安全体系的建立B.说明美国对日扶植力度加强9选择题（本题包括12小题，每小题4分，共48分。每小题只有一个选项符合题意C.得益于日本经济实力的增强D.进一步恶化了东亚政治局势1.它是“产生于资本主义生产状况和阶级状况尚未成熟时期的一种学说”，较早地表达了“对资本主义的批判10.不结盟运动的活动方式主要是定期召开的首脑会议和外长会议，且为了在会议间协调立场，自1973年起和对未来美好社会的幻想”。材料中的“它”是指设立由各国常驻联合国代表组成的协调机构。这些举措表明不结盟运动12A启蒙思想B.生物进化论C.空想社会主义D,科学社会主义A.以相互尊重为合作前提B.通过的决议具有强制性2.新时期，我国的爱国统一战线具有更强大的生命力，仍然是中国人民团结战斗、建设祖国和统一祖国的重要C,奉行不结盟的组织原则D.继承了万隆会议的精神“法宝”。这一“法宝”11.1990年12月13日，俄罗斯前联邦书记波罗兹科夫在接受新华社记者采访时说：“我们的悲剧是搞民主时A属于国家权力机构B.圆满完成历史使命忘掉了辩证法。民主越出了范围就有坏的一面…在民主政治热情高潮中忘记了政权”波罗兹科夫认为C.继续参与立法工作D.成为参政议政舞台苏联解体的原因是3.新中国成立前夕，中共中央向全世界宣告，要和国民政府的外交彻底决裂，“对于驻在旧中国的各国使节，我A改变了原有政党政治和政权性质B.没有彻底进行政治体制的改革们把他们当作普通侨民对待，不当作外交代表对待”。这表明中国共产党C.思想上放弃了辩证唯物主义观点D.改革措施具有片面性和保守性A.提出了“一边倒”的方针B.急于打破美国对华的封锁2.2016年，特朗普在华盛顿演讲时说：“美国将再次雄起，将再次成为可靠的伙伴和盟友。我们最终将产生C,主张改革现有的外交体制D,奉行独立自主的外交政策以美国利益、盟国共同利益为主的一致性外交政策。我们将跳出国家建设事业，更加重视在世界范围内创4.中国是和共处五项原则的首倡国，也是和共处五项原则的忠实履行者和维护者。早在20世纪50年造稳定。”这种思想本质上反映了美国代，五项原则就被载人中华人民共和国的第一部宪法，五项原则的精神也被写进了中国同世界许多国家建A.对自身利益价值观的维护和推广B.维护等、和谐的对外交往理念交的外交文件中。这说明和共处五项原则C孤立主义和自我发展的大国意识D.为国际确定了民主与自由的标准A.是中国外交政策的基本立场B.取代了新中国成立初期的外交方针第Ⅱ卷（非选择题共52分）C,是消除强权政治的根本途径D.成为中国处理对外关系的基本准则线5.从1959年进人外交部开始，吴建民亲历和见证了共和国外交的发展变化。这一时期，中国外交突破西方孤二、非选择题（本题包括2小题，共52分立，团结亚洲、非洲、拉丁美洲国家，支持这些国家的民族解放运动。可见，当时新中国外交政策的特点是13.(26分)阅读材料，完成下列要求。A革命外交，“一边倒B.制度外交，“广交友”材料一“一边倒”的外交方针，是毛泽东在为纪念中国共产党建党28周年而写的《论人民民主专政】C.政治外交，“求生存”D.经济外交，“谋发展一文中正式提出来的。其时，国民党垮台已经指日可待，中国苹命胜利在望。随着美苏对华政策的转变和6.尼克松访华后，关于联合公报的草拟，周恩来指出，联合公报可以采取“各说各的”的原则，“明确写出双方的在中国影响力的此消彼长，国内各种政治势力异常活跃，各种新的外交方案也纷纷出台。党内有人认为，分歧，同时也写出双方的共同点，以便共同遵循”。周恩来此举意在中国共产党在长期的革命斗争中，依靠自己的力量不断走向胜利，在今后的革命和建设中，“不要国际援助A.阐明中国外交基本原则B.推动中美关系健康发展也可以胜利”，主张在制定外交方针和政策时，应该独立于任何外国势力；一些所谓的“中间势力”重复内战C.坚持和共处五项原则D.早日结束中美敌视局面初期的老调，坚持认为“我们需要英美政府的援助”，主张对美苏采取同等亲善的政策；一些反动势力则公注意事项7.过去，国际交往主要靠外交官和政府之间的联系，从1949年到1978年，中国走出国门的人累计有28万，开指责共产党：“你们独我”，“你们太刺激了”，“你们一边倒”。均每年不到1万。而2009年一年出国的人有约4000万，同时还有约5600万外国人来到中国。这说明中国摘编自唐洲雁《新中国外交方针的初步确立与实施》A外交更多地涉及普通民众的利益B.民众日益成为经济外交的主体材料二在国内外局势发生深刻变化的新形势下，如何寻求建立一种更符合客观现实需要的等的◇金太阳AB创新卷：历史第？页◇XGK·滚动卷（四）

35.Which of the following is a suitable title for the texA.Differences Between Hubble and WebbB.Problems With Hubble Space TelescopeC.Advantages of Infrared Space TelescopesD.Rapid Development of Space Telescopes第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。The basics of good listening are familiar:maintain eye contact,nod,use"statements instead of“you”statements._36_bShut up and listenThis might sound simple,but it's actually a really important first step.One of the ways toremember this is that if you rearrange the letters of the word"listen",it spells"silent".Of course,noteveryone deserves your time or attention.3don't put up with folks who disrespeet yourboundaries or speak unkindly.38After a person has finished speaking,take a little bit of what the person said and add a little bit toit.It is called reflective listening,and it makes it possible for you not only to show the person thatyou're listening,but also to give the person a chance to correct any misunderstandings.Be patientOn many occasions,your impatience often makes it impossible for the other people to continue thetalk.39Listen with interestIt means you're focusing on what the person is saying and enjoying the talk.0Sometimeswhen we're close to people,we have a lot of assumptions about our shared understanding of things andwe might listen sort of casually.So it would be better to try to go deeper when the folks you're close totalk about what they're going through.The more you practise this in daily situations,the smootheryour relationship will become in daily life.A.Summarize and buildB.Select enough proper topicsC.The foundation of listening is respectD.We have to try to listen between the linesE.Here are some tips that go beyond the basicsF.This can be hard,especially with the people you're close toG.Therefore,it is very important for you to show enough patience第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A,B,C和D四个选项中，选出可以填人空白处的最佳选项。I slowly walked home,not wanting to face Mom's anger when she knew that I had aC on my test.To make things 41,one of my biggest classmates had given me a bloody nose at lunch.Suddenly,a noise in the grasses drew me from my 42 thoughts.I screamed when a black-and-whiteball of fur()43 around my feet.The fur ball came to a(n)44 in front of me and let out aloud cry！The dog was45 and had black spots over his white fur.His feet were caked with mud.His furhung off his skin in bags,and his ribs()showed.But I 46 fell in love with the dog.【高三核心模拟卷（下）·英语（二第6页（共8页）】

第18期(2021-2022)阶段专练八年级新目标HNX)1关浅触3数字出版中心出品0nits6一可阶段专练词汇专练【,根据句意，从方框中选择恰当的单词填空，有的Ⅱ.根据句意及所给汉语提示，写出句中所缺单词。Ⅲ，根据句意及括号内所给单演的提示填空。1.We need helpers of all kinds,(工程师)，1.We are going to(plant)trees and flowers需要变换形式。in the new park.they,person,pollute,meaning,pianomusicians and teachers.2.Mrs.White does the（wcet)shopping2.The eight(行星)all go around the sun,.1.Do you mind if I ask you aquestion?every Thursday moming.3.Two years ago,the Greens(建造)ahouse2.Look it up in the dictionary,and you'll know the3.These books are all about(Japan)word has twoin the countryside.culture.verehappy that they boughtThere are so many good(文章)in4.I dislike Jim because he always asks me to do

是全国1©0所名校高考模拟金费卷lreto rurn cabon dioere》”hethe darkennrehosases dmephatlt reble to take in con from the acetateedThe t,r the pro four times moreffcit hnwn密inthe matereiywithsAnd yest productions tmes more fac-ehusproesinoing sugar collected from Lettuee produced the bestrewesults fromtifia photosynthesis out of all the food crops tested."We were able to grow food-producing organisms without any contributions from biologi-cal photosynthesis,"said one co-writer of the study,Elizabeth Hann,a doctoral candidate atUniversity of California Riverside's Jinkerson Lab.Hann added that the process is much moreefficient at turning energy into food than the biological photosynthesis methods.封The researchers also reported that the process increased energy efficiency,too.Whenused together with a solar cell to power the electrolyzer,the method required just one-fourththe energy to grow the same amount of food created by sunlight and natural photosynthesis.The scienists said their method could help fight the effects of climate change that aremakingwnmre difficulDroughodsreduced landvalbility笔ouldof threat to bal food secuity if crop for hum nd anmals rewineresourceinensive(资源密集的，cooed nr,”the researchers notedeproof hemomUCRveadgegiotsthroughartifoalphoesynihcsscoadlheptheordnei在stedemand f food without the expansion of agricultural lands."Using solar energy to power ourpnao由oeroeiodorinlaloepmdoadonesnensadfladakerson said.growSHOT ON MI8 LITESAI DUAL CAMERA78【23·JD·英语-GS】

A.A museum.B.A jewelry store.C.A restaurant.A.In a park.B.At a concert.C.In a gym.9.When will they meet?A.In an hour.B.In 45 minutes.C.In 10 minutes.10.Why is the man impressed by the woman?A.She is very athletic.B.She likes loud music.C.She rides her bike every day.听第8段材料，回答第11至14题。11.What did the Ferrari driver do?A.He hit someone.B.He drove too fast.C.He crashed on the freeway.12.What had the speakers been doing?A.Shopping.B.Looking for cars.C.Attending a wedding.13.What's the probable relationship between the speakers?A.Teacher and student.B.Husband and wife.C.Brother and sister.14.What is known about the vac.A.It was on sale.B.It's a gift for the woman's sister.C.It's for the speakers'house.听第9段材料，回答第15至17题。15.What did the man want to do at first?A.Let his son live at home.B.Build two rooms in the garage.C.Find an apartment for his son.16.Why did the man's son move back?A.To be close to the man.B.To look for a good job.C.To go to a key college17.What can we learn about the woman's son?A.He takes care of the backyard.B.He is a very selfish person.C.He pays $1,500 a month in rent.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.What caused this wildfire probably?A.Lightning.B.A campfireC.Strong winds.19.How much land is on fire at the time of the report?A.About 2 acres.B.About 14 acres.C.About 15 acres.20.What should residents (in nearby areas do?A.Go to special shelters.B.Stay at home and be careful.C.Wait for further instructions.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AFour Places Named After Scientists in AntarcticaThere are many scientific breakthroughs made by women in the Antarctic.Hereare four landmarks in Antarctica and the female pioneers they're named for.英语试题第2页（共9页）

性至上原则的与文的统代表着生自然与文化中”的得者也”情使语mother,a teacher,took him on summer rond trips acr the cou Since thenthey've not only travelled beyond the US border,but theyve experiencec可The fearless explorer decided early on not to let his wheelchair stop him fromwonders on every continent!arents wereIt took careful research and planning for Cory to ensure his trips were accessfirst traveller ina wheelchair to visit everywas plenty of work.That's what inspired him tothe famousdisabkisefCory sooingin the Carbbe euraged andridingcme in the Detnd evnrinfetedlake in Orlando's Gatorland!ot get pastOne of his al-time favorite destinations was Antaretica,where few people cansay they've been at all.He and his mom visited right before the novel coronaviruschard.pandemic(新冠疫情)began,crossing the seventh and final continent off their list!Of course,they're nowhere near finished.Cory has been to37countries so far andher.hopes to raise that number soon.In the meantime,he's helping kids find representation in his new children'snailed itsbook Let's Explore With Cor Cor.The story features a boy who travels to differ-ent countries in his powered wheelchair."Wheelchair-using kids will see possibili-note.ties!"one reviewer wrote."Others will see that kids with disabilities are just kids,ready for adventure and fun and able to experience life with enthusiasm."11.What does the underlined part in paragraph 2 mean?ne hasA.He had his first injury on a trip.B.He took a trip abroad for the first time.山sutrongC.He first showed great interest in travelling.n hisD.He was first bitten by insects while travelling.卷八第2页（共8页）23新高考·ZXQH·英语·Y

V.阅读短history often to begindifficult文，从方框learnwondersubject tellWednesday中选择话当I'm Li Ke.I study at a junior high schoo的词并用其in Yunnan.Today,I'd like to (1)tell1.plays2.goes3.is singingyou about my school life.正确形式填5.is drawingSchool (2)beginsat 8 o'clock空，使短文There are four lessons in the momning.LunchtimeI.1.Which2.from通顺、意思is from 11:50 am (3)01:20pm4.In the afternooris having完整。每空there are two lessons.I takeⅡ.I.Februarymany (4)subjectsMath is my favorite含9n3.on3.hard4activities限填一词，5.easyIt's a little (5)difficult,but it's really usefil.What classes每词限用(有用的).I also like(6)historyIt's2.Why doesn't;likeinteresting to(T)】learnabout the past.3.Does:speak4.to have dinner次。After school.I (8)oftengo to theWhich wallet does;likeevery (Wednesdayto the braryIV.1.tell3.topark with2.beginsafternoon5.difficult.historygAll in all,I have a (10)_wonderfullearn9Wednesdayschool life.I enjoy it a lot.10.wonderful8.often本期参考答案第4版第1版语篇填空1.What2.study3.to特别关注4.subjects5.Because6.difficult读有所思7.activities8.learn9.me1.My Chinese teacher is my favorite teacher.10.wonderful2.Because she is smart and her class is interesting.任务型阅读悟有所行5DEAC补全对话1-3 ABB1.Why do you want to borrow it趣闻播报2.When do you have history classes1.T2.F3.What about you4.What do you think of it5.Which subject do you like best第2-3版筒练1.What day2.talk about3.talk to/with4.on Friday基础训练I.1.over2.Friday3.math4.Tuesday6.meeting/sclence9.physics10.historyhasdayII.1.What class are they having2.What time is the class overWhere do they have lunch4.How many classes do they have in the afternoon5.What classes do they have this afternoonⅢ.1.to2.with3.are4.him5.the /herPart B同步练must be2.can't be3.Which man4.working on基础训练1.1.best2.working3.subjects4.interesting5.to learnII.1.a littleeach other3.must4.difficult子0III.1.What;think of 2.likes;best3.How many4.is running5.Are;havingIV.1.It's Thursday2Why don't you like Thursdays3.Which subject do you like best4.When do you have history classesWhat's your favorite school dayPart C同步练between;and2.from:tois studying;study基础训练stamps2.night3.studysound5.betweenII.1.Attention;please2.speak English with3.different kinds of4.outdoor activityeach other6.helps;a lot7.Which vegetable8.between you and me9.from Monday to Friday0some other girlsIlI.1.What school are you in now2.Is it a new school3.How is your school life4.How many lessons do you have every weekday5.What do you do after school7

00:06B.Factors leading to the monarch's decline.C.Human activities causing harm to butterfliesD.Plants responsible for the monarch's reproduction44.What does the underlined word"optimum"in paragraph 5 mean?A.Fixed.B.Special.C.Perfect.D.Acceptable45.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.Gardeners Lend All Insects a HandB.Plant Milkweed to Save MonarchsC.Cities Provide the Best Habitat for MonarchsD.Necessary Approaches to Helping out Butterflies(以下是B种题型)42.What's the intention of the Field Museum project?43.What's the main idea of paragraph 2?44.Why was there an increase in the forest loss?45.What is the author's attitude towards the Field Museum project?根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。答案写在答题卡上。Few things are as wonderful as visiting a beautiful natural place,breathing the fresh air andenjoying the beauty.46 People can love a place to death if they aren't careful.In 1990,the Leave No Trace movement attempted to help.They introduced the following principles toencourage people to both enjoy and protect the great outdoors.Plan ahead.47 Check the weather forecast plan what clothing to wear and think about a watersupply.Also,check the area's rules for useThrow away waste properly.Never leave garbage behind.Don't leave your food wrappers,cans or leftovers.48Respect wildlife.You should stay at least 100meters away from wildlife,so you don't disturbany animals.49 Protect your food so that animals can't get into it,and don't feed the animals onanything.Human food isn't good for them,and becoming comfortable with humans is dangerousfor them.They may forget how to survive in the wild or become less afraid of humans.

ory of the US,but the authors said this good news was often undermined bypoor enforeement.Some reserves are little more than"paper parks"with little value tonature conservation.At least one has been turned into an industrial zone.More than 27msquare kilometres of seas (7%of the total)and 20m sq km of land (15%of the total)nowhave protected status,according to the Protected Planet report,which was released onSunday at the UN biodiversity conference in Sharm el-Sheikh,Egypt.Almost all of the growth has been in marine regions,most notably with the creation lastyear of the world's biggest protected area:the 2msq km Ross Sea reserve,one-fifth of whichis in the Antarctic.The no-fishing zone will be managed by New Zealand and the US."We have seen an enormous expansion in the past two years.There is now more marineprotected areas than terrestrial,which nobody would have predicted,"said Kathy MeKinnonof the International Union for the Conservation of Nature."I think we'll continue to see asubstantial increase,I'd guess,to at least 10%in the near future.The UN convention on biological diversity says it has received national commitments foran additional 4.5m sq km of land and 16m sq km of oceans to be given protected status in thenext two years.This would put it on course to achieve one of the key aims of the 2010 Aichibiodiversity targets."This is the target with the most progress.In an ocean of bad news about biodiversityloss and eco-destruction,it is important to highlight that progress,though we still have a lotmore to do to ensure not just the quantitive target but the effectiveness of the management,"said Cristiana Pasca Palmer,the head of UN Biodiversity.The creation of protected areas has not been enough to halt a collapse of species andecosystems that threatens civilisation.Since 1970 humanity has wiped out 60%of mammal,bird,fish and reptile populations,with a dangerous knock-on impact on food production,fisheries and climate stability.Protected areas are important refuges from this wave of extinctions but many areunderfunded and poorly policed.Only one in five have provided management assessments tothe UN,which has raised questions about the viability of the rest.Naomi Kingston,of UN environment world conservation monitoring centre,said:"There is a race to deliver on Aichi target 11.It is fantastic that countries are coming withmore ambition,but not if it is just a number without substance."Some areas that have been reported to us as protected areas have been completely builtover.We need datasets to define which areas are paper parks and which are real."Developing nations have better reporting standards because many are obliged to provideregular assessments in order to qualify for funds from the Global Environment Fund.Bycontrast,many wealthier nations devote few resources to monitoring.2023届·普通高中名校联考信息卷（模拟二）·英语7

必修二Unit5综合评估参考答案及部分解析参考答案1-5 CBABA6-10 CBCAA11-15 CACBB 16-20 ABCCB21-25 ACABD 26-30 ACABC31-35 DCABD 36-40 BFDAE41-45 DABDA 46-50 CABDC51-55 ADBDC56.than 57.came58.to59.to do60.it61.following62.is63.excited64.me 65.more beautiful写作第一节One possible version:

W:Thanks a lot!You've been so helpful.Let's see.Did you say the repair shop was three blocks away fromhere?M:Exactly.W:Thanks again.停顿00'02”重复停顿00'10”哔一听下面一段对话，回答第8至第10三个小题。现在，你有15秒钟的时间阅读这三个小题。停顿00'15”哔(Text 7)M:Hello,Jane.W:Hi,Harry.Did you have a good summer holiday?M:Sure.I went for my holiday on my uncle's farm.W:Really?What interesting things did you do there?M:I helped get in some rice,take care of the fruit garden and drive the tractor.W:Drive a tractor?M:Yes.It was easy to learn.Did you go away for your holiday,Jane?W:Oh,no.I just stayed at home.My mother has been in hospital.I had to look after her and help do somecooking and washing at home.M:I'm sorry.Oh,it's late.I must be off now.Bye bye.停顿00'02”重复停顿00'15”哔一听下面一段对话，回答第11至第13三个小题。现在，你有15秒钟的时间阅读这三个小题。停顿00'15”哔(Text 8)M:Excuse me.Would you mind if I smoked here?W:I'm sorry.Haven't you seen the sign on the wall "No Smoking"?M:Oh,sorry.Where can I smoke,please?W:I'm afraid it's not allowed in the whole building.M:Oh dear!I wonder if I could have a glass of water.W:Sure.Help yourself over there.M:Thank you very much.W:Don't you know smoking is not good for your health,young man?M:Yes,I do.I tried many times to give it up,but I failed.When I go without it,I feel very bad.W:Yes,it's hard to stop!But if you have the nonsmokers'health and well-being in mind,you might succeed.M:You're right!Thanks very much.I'll try again to kick my smoking habit.W:That's OK.Well,if you're feeling bad now,you can smoke outside,in the open air,of course.M:Oh,no!I'll start from now on!W:That's great.【个高三英语·参考答案第3页（共5页）个】

34.What can we learn according to Landrigan?A.Toxic pollutants will be deadly to the fish.B.Plastics most seriously pollute the ocean.C.The ocean pollution puts people at risk.D.The plastic pollution is a tough problem.35.What does the author want to tell in the text?A.What has caused the ocean's severe pollution.B.How humans can find practical solutionsC.What situation the ocean is exposed to.D.How ocean pollution damages human health.第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Words have great power.Death and life are in the power of the tongue.Many of us have beenoffended by words and know how badly words hurt.Today I will share a few tips on how to handle theeffect of negative words spoken to you.36Never let negative words of others define who you are.37 People who hurt you can never really harm you unless you allow yourself to be defined by thesewords.You are unique.You are very valuable in the sight of your family and friends,so never allowyourself to feel inferior just by the words of other people.●38If there is something wrong with your actions,and others are trying to correct you,it can sometimeshurt your feelings if their words are hurtful.In that case,change those words into positive thoughts.Think like this in your mind,"Yes,I'm wrong,but I'll find out ways to improve.Now I have hopebecause I know I can change."●Respond softly.If someone speaks in a hurtful way,take a deep breath first and try to speak softly and kindly inresponse.A soft answer turns away anger.39 It will bring harm instead of healing.●Be silent.If someone is purposefully hurting you for no reason,simply be silent and ignore it.It's none ofyour business.40 It's not your problem that they keep on hurting you on purpose.So simply leave it.A.Don't worry about what others say.B.Turn those words into positive thoughts within you.C.The tone of our words can be just as important as their meaning.D.You need not respond to every personal comment from people.E.On the contrary,an angry answer is like a sword.F.Be careful in this area,or your emotions will soon be controlled by the words of the peoplearound you.G.It is wise to correct others'mistake by soft words.第三部分：语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。A businesswoman got into a taxi in midtown.As it was the rush hour and she was in a 41 to catcha train,she 42 a quick way to reach the train station."I have been a taxi driver for 15 years!the driversaid 43."You don't think I know the best way to go?The woman tried to explain that she hadn't 44 to annoy him,but the driver kept 45.She finally英语第6页（共8页）【南宁广育监制】

第51期B版测试题听力原文(略)第51期B版测试题参考答案21-25 DACDA26-30 CBACB31-35 DCABD36-40 EDGFBn41-45 BDACD46-50 CDAAD51-55 BCBAA56-60 BCCBD61-70(One possible version)61.for62.previouslyd63.weighing64.recognition65.was informed66.to perfect67.who68.a69.higher70.recordsS短文改错(One possible version)The Fun Games competition A held in theiwas6school playground last Friday afternoonAbout sixty students from three gradesSparticipate in the activity,twenty from each.participatedBoth of the players tried their best to performAllwell in various event,such as the shootingreventscompetition and the three-legged race.Theamost wonderful event was the three-leggedtrace,who required high levels of teamwork.whichtThe three groups from Senior Two performedLexcellent,and they all effectively finished aexcellentlytherace.This activity turned out to be quitesuccessfully.It not only made us to realizensuccessfulNthe importance of do sports but also gave usdoingaan opportunity to cooperate with others.书面表达(One possible version)Dear Tom,itI'm happy to hear from you.At yourrequest,I'd like to share my school lifethwith you.eThe"Double Reduction"Policy with theaim of easing the burdens on studentsicundergoing compuryducationalso afectsthhigh school students.Now we don't havetoo much homework and we have morexrcuicuar activties.uc as ball games.painting,and runing Since painting is myfavorite,now Ican devote more time to itBeidesI find great pa n studyingbecause I can better plan my time.rhs polcybelptbecomodpeople Whatyouoiflikefoward oyourdreply.Yours,toLi Hua

M:It's a big city,but it's not too big.The nightlife is colorful.I enjoy it.with people all the time.W:Is it expensive there?W:That's true.So what do you think you want to do?M:Yeah,a little bit.M:I think I will be a good artist.I love painting pictures.W:And what's the weather like in Toronto?W:That reminds me of a problem I'm having.You know my parents have aM:Well,it's pretty cold in the winter,and very hot and wet in the summer.It's nicerestaurant,right?They want me to be the manager.in the spring and fall,though.You can always see the clear sky then.M:And you want to?听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9两个小题。现在，你有10秒钟的时间阅读这两个小题。W:No way.A restaurant manager has to manage other people.It'd be terrible.I'mtoo disorganized.Honestly,I want to be a teacher because I like working with kids,and(Text 7)I'm good at it.M:Sophia,I've just confirmed our flight online,and it looks like we'll be delayed byM:That's true.an hour.The flight is now scheduled to leave at 4:00 due to the heavy wind.W:Then we're in trouble.We won't be able to get to Chicago by 6:00 for the听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20四个小题。现在，你有20秒钟的时间阅读这四个小题。dinner with Mr.O'Neil.(Text 10)M:Don't worry.I'll talk to him.I'm going to call him to speak about our report.W:Good morning,everyone.Today we're going to look at the wide differences inW:Don't forget to apologize to him about being late.family life between the rich and the poor in Victorian times.Let's begin with the upper听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12三个小题。现在，你有15秒钟的时间阅读这三个小题。classes.In Victorian times,the upper classes made up less than 3%of the population,yet held more than 90%of the country's wealth.Most of their servants were very poorly(Text 8)paid,but were always living in the homes of upper-class Victorian families,so theyW:Are you staying by yourself again this summer vacation?didn't have to pay for housing,food and clothing.The money which they did earn,theyM:No,I'm not.My brother and sister are staying with me right now.sent to their families.Many servants came from the countryside.Among them wereW:Really?What are they doing this summer?M:Well,my brother is on vacation now.He always wants to come and visit thecooks,cleaners,gardeners and so on.The family would also employ a child's nursewhose main role was to care for the children.She was responsible for teaching thecity.children how to behave and taking care of them when they were ill.Nurses did not,W:What about your sister?however,educate the children.Generally,children from wealthy families didn't attendM:She has a part-time job at the university.school outside the family home.Tutors would come to the house to do this.Now,theW:And do you have anything special to do?M:Nothing special.I work as a waiter in the morning.And in the afternoon,I readVictorian upper classes have the reputation of being quite cruel;but this wasn't alwaysthe case.They were also quite generous.Some schools were set up with money frombooks bought from a bookstore days ago.What about you,June?Are you in school thisthe upper classes so that poor children could have some form of education.Additionally,summer?most Victorian parents were very proud of their children.This goes against the commonW:Yes,I am.idea that parents were very strict with their children.In fact,the opposite was generallyM:Oh,are you taking French and Spanish again?the rule.However,the situation for lower class families was very different.Let's have aW:Well,I'm not taking them,but I'm starting Japanese.look.M:Really?That's exciting.听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16四个小题。现在，你有20秒钟的时间阅读这四个小题(Text 9)M:My history professor says I should think about a job in politics.But I don't thinkI'd make a good politician.W:Why not?M:You know me.I'm not good at dealing with people.And politicians have to work第4页共4页

(上接A2、A3版中缝)笔试部分(One possible version选择题除外)I.21-25 BAAAC26-30 CBDDAIⅡ31-35 CCDCA36-40 CDBBA41-45 BACCDII.46.The writers grandfather workedon a bee farm.47.The writer went to his grand-mother's home by bike.48.To make the milk stay cool.49.The sandwich was made up oftwo cookies and some butter.50.By bringing him some candies.IV.51.knees52.comparing53.nervous54.completely55.understoodV.56-60 CDGBAVI.61.ran62.walk63.decided64.weekends65.their66.excited67.opinion68.While69.tried70.likeVII.71.seriously:72.weeks73.how74.to play75.realized76.healthy77.in78.important79.a80.ourVⅢ.I like films bestIf you ask me what I like best,myanswer will be films.Films play animportant part in my daily life.My favorite film is Paddington.TheEnglish film tells me a moving storyabout love.Paddington is the name ofa little bear who can speak.He goes toLondon and meets a kind family.Laterhe meets some problems,but luckily,with the family's help,he solves themsuccessfully in the end.And hebecomes a member of the family.I like this film because it's aboutlove and kindness.It teaches me to befriendly to otherand care for thepeople I love.Ialso learn to faceproblems in life bravely.书面表达写作指导】本次写作任务要求分享你最喜欢的书籍、电影或音乐等，同学们在写作时只要围绕提示内容展开表写即可。人称以第莞入称和第三人称为:时态以二般现在时为主。注意条现清晰详略得当语句通顺，无语法和单词拼写错误。

WaS.ny bnuda·sets.参考答案6 e possibvn选择题除外)-、1-5 ABAAC6-10 ABBAB11-15 ABBBC 16-20 ACBAC21.Saturday22.free23.health24.car25.chemistry26-30 FBDAC二、31-35 ACBBC36-40 CCABB三、41-45 BDABD46-50 CACBD四、51-55 ADDAC56-60 DCCBB61-65 CAGDE五、66.won67.show68.At69.relaxed70.since71.it72.guide73.questions74.However75.happen六、A)76.It is difficult77.They should show the person thatthey understand that he or she isdoing something nice for them.78.A smile goes a long way79.People may agree to help otherswhen they know the whole story.80.They should accept the answer po-litely.B)81.Dear Sir Madam,My name is Li Hua,and I'm fromBeijing,China.I will come to your schoolfor one-month study this summer.NowI'm writing to ask for some informationabout this study.First,I wonder about the whole planfor this study.Then,could you pleasetell me what courses I'll take and howlong each course will last?Next,I'dlike to know the school's address.Atlast,I wonder what activities I can doto learn more about English.Thank you for your help.I'm lookingforward to your reply.Yours,Li Hua【书面表达写作指导】

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反应，可观察到酸性KMnO4溶液颜色变浅或褪去，使酸性KMnO4溶液褪色，通过足量酸性KM

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下落通过磁场的过程中，对其中任一阶段有mg41-BB△=mAvR可得ΣmgA1-

2023-12-20 14:18:10

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参考答案7.C【解析】考查点：青少年构建人类命运共利益的不懈奋斗中书写人生华章。同体的做法。解题思路：小宁同学和小博同(5)①学本国文化，积极参与不同文化的学关心难民问题，表示可以参加一些跨国救对话、交流活动：②在对外交流中，积极表达援活动，体现了他们放眼全球，关注世界的代表本国立场的观点和主张，态度坚定而温发展，关注人类的命运，把人类命运共同体和：③努力学好外语，提高口语表达能力，了的理念同实际行动联系起来，①④符合题解相关国家的历史和文化；④了解外国人的意；小博同学表示我们也要帮助处于困境中礼仪惯、交往方式、思维特点，交往时遵循的中国同胞，体现了他在放眼全球的同时，相关的行为规范：⑤对全球公共卫生问题有心系祖国，为人民利益不懈奋斗，③符合题一定程度的了解，形成对世界面临的共同问意；我们应该在力所能及的范围内帮助难题的积极态度。民，②与实际不符，排除。微专题10以“联合国与人类命运8.(1)①有助于各国谋求开放创新、包容互惠共同体”为议题的发展前景：②有助于建设一个持久和普遍安全、共同繁荣、开放包容、清洁美丽的任务1：世界；③有助于人类更好地面对共同挑战，(1)①人类只有一个地球，各国共处一个世解决制约全人类发展的全球性问题，界；②各国相互联系、相互依存的程度空前(2)甲的观点错误，乙的观点正确。①人类加深，越来越成为你中有我、我中有你的命只有一个地球，各国共处一个世界；②当今运共同体：③生态问题是人类面临的共同挑世界，各国相互联系、相互依存的程度空前战，没有哪个国家能够独自应对，也没有哪加深，没有哪个国家能够退回到自我封闭的个国家能够退回到自我封闭的孤岛：④事不册孤岛：③事不关己的态度和封闭国门的行为关己的态度，相互推诿、逃避责任的行为，将导致问题更加复杂，积重难返，造成生态环第将导致问题更加复杂，积重难返：④采取共同行动，承担共同责任，构建人类命运共同境的恶化，甚至给人类带来灭顶之灾。单体，应成为各国解决发展问题的必然选择。(2)①努力扩大利益的交汇点，谋求开放创元因此，我们要在对外合作中寻求解决问题的新、包容互惠的发展前景；②采取共同行动，方法。承担共同责任；③坚持对话协商、共建共享9.(1)示例：构建人类卫生健康共同体，守护人合作共赢、交流互鉴、绿色低碳，建设一个清类健康美好未来。洁美丽的世界。(2)和、发展、公、正义、民主、自由。任务2：(3)①各国应采取共同行动，承担共同责任，（1)这一观点正确。①构建人类命运共同坚持共建共享、合作共赢：②应促进各国人体，需要各国人民间的相互信任、守望相助民间的相互信任、守望相助和共同担当。和共同担当：②在构建人类命运共同体的过(4)①关怀生命、尊重生命的价值，把关切的程中，各国人民要关怀生命、尊重生命的价目光投向世界；②关注他人的命运，理解他值，不仅善待自己，而且把关切的目光投向人的痛苦与快乐，看到生命中共同的渴望，世界：③各国人民要关注他人的命运，理解增进包容与合作；③把构建人类卫生健康共他人的痛苦与快乐，看到生命中共同的渴同体的理念同实际行动联系起来，放眼全望，增进包容与合作。球，关注世界的发展，关注人类的命运；④心(2)①把构建人类命运共同体的理念同实际系祖国，放飞青春梦想，在为人民卫生健康行动联系起来；②放眼全球，关注世界的发49

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【9题答案】【答案】A

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都认可基督教文化，故选D项；材料未材料中也没有体现，排除。甘地“非暴体现基督教文化弊端明显，故排除A力不合作”的斗争原则，在印度有其社项：材料强调的是中世纪欧洲文化的共会基础，C项不符合史实，排除。故选性而不是个性，故排除B项；材料没有D项。体现中世纪欧洲科教文化发展受阻，故35.C排除C项。【命题点拨】本题考查美苏“冷战”33.A对峙。【详解详析】结合材料“1959年”“莫【详解详析】“德意志从300多个邦减斯科大剧院芭蕾舞团于赴美巡演”“征少到只剩下30多个邦”说明当时德意迈向更公正的社会”“出于好奇、欣赏”志局部统一的趋势，而普鲁士开启民主等信息可知，芭蕾艺术在赫鲁晓夫时期改革有利于普鲁士的崛起，这都加速了成为苏联意识形态表达的工具，故选C德意志的统一，故选A项；宗教改革前项；材料说明美苏双方文化交流，说明德意志民族意识就已兴起，故排除B矛盾有所缓和，排除A项；意识形态冲项；C项表述与材料主旨和题意均不相突在冷战初期已经出现，排除B项；材料未体现苏联艺术多元化，排除D项。符，故排除C项；D项中的“铲除了”说36.【参考答案】(1)主要分布在塔里木盆法过于绝对，故排除D项。地东部，内蒙古中西部。（4分)34.D(2)风力强弱：地表植被覆盖状况；地形【详解详析】根据题干材料“倘若人民地势。(6分)违背了‘非暴力’原则，他宁肯停止运(3)土壤肥力下降；地表植被覆盖率降动”“我对他们（指使用暴力者）要比对低；生物多样性减少；荒漠化加剧。(8欧文勋爵(1926-1931年任印度总督)分)(4)采用工程手段在沙尘排放集中区的的统治和迫害更害怕”，表明甘地坚持外围构建防风固沙设施，防止沙尘排放使用和手段作为斗争武器，D项正确。向外扩散；在沙尘排放外围区域构建防尽管印度和英国实力有差距，但并非题风固沙林，减弱风沙活动；对SOM流失干材料的主旨，A项错误。B项所述在集中区域实施增施有机肥，补充土壤流猜题金卷·文科综合参考答案第78页（共84页）

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第2页（共4页）】【题型专练B·语文（三）第1页（共4页）】【题型专练B·语文（三）第2页（共4页）】自在闲适之情，如“。子是：“班级...3.补写出下列句子中的空缺部分。落，形成舒卷往复的张暖样旭合木中国出二、名篇名句默写（本题共1小题，6分）（6分）一句写大河之来，不##体现了苏词雄奇奔放的风格。姓名D.这首词融写景、议论、抒情于一体，艺术构思和结构波澜起伏、大开大合、大起大落，充分堂的虚景，意在表达对恩师的思念甜写，请结合相美内容简以快哉亭的实景衬托山亭主与自己的亲密关系。准考证号与亭台相映的优美图景。1.下列对这首词的理解和赏析，不正确的一一项是（3分）‘大王之雄风”与“庶人之雌风”截然不同。苏轼为亭命名“快哉”即取自《风赋》“快哉此风”句。“天籁”即自然之音。③刚道：“硬是说”的意思。雌雄：宋玉《风赋》云：楚襄王游于兰台之宫，宋②天籁：《庄子·齐物论》说，“人籁”即箫管之音，[注]①山堂为苏轼的恩师欧阳修所建。抢分笔记道有雌雄。一点浩然气，千里快哉风。考场号（8）一叶白头翁。堪笑兰台公子，未解庄生天籁，刚一千顷，都镜净，倒碧峰。忽然浪起，掀舞一杳杳没孤鸿。认得醉翁语，山色有无中。B(#)长记山堂上,枕江南烟雨，国帘中心落日绣帘卷，亭下水连空。知君为我新作，窗户湿青红。苏轼水调歌头·黄州快哉亭赠张握全入阅读下面这首宋词，完成1～2题。、古代诗歌阅读（本题共2小题，9分）座位号语文干，千个的，#高2025新高考题型专练卷·小题抢分（三）答题栏

第2页（共4页）】【题型专练B·语文（三）第1页（共4页）】【题型专练B·语文（三）第2页（共4页）】自在闲适之情，如“。子是：“班级...3.补写出下列句子中的空缺部分。落，形成舒卷往复的张暖样旭合木中国出二、名篇名句默写（本题共1小题，6分）（6分）一句写大河之来，不##体现了苏词雄奇奔放的风格。姓名D.这首词融写景、议论、抒情于一体，艺术构思和结构波澜起伏、大开大合、大起大落，充分堂的虚景，意在表达对恩师的思念甜写，请结合相美内容简以快哉亭的实景衬托山亭主与自己的亲密关系。准考证号与亭台相映的优美图景。1.下列对这首词的理解和赏析，不正确的一一项是（3分）‘大王之雄风”与“庶人之雌风”截然不同。苏轼为亭命名“快哉”即取自《风赋》“快哉此风”句。“天籁”即自然之音。③刚道：“硬是说”的意思。雌雄：宋玉《风赋》云：楚襄王游于兰台之宫，宋②天籁：《庄子·齐物论》说，“人籁”即箫管之音，[注]①山堂为苏轼的恩师欧阳修所建。抢分笔记道有雌雄。一点浩然气，千里快哉风。考场号（8）一叶白头翁。堪笑兰台公子，未解庄生天籁，刚一千顷，都镜净，倒碧峰。忽然浪起，掀舞一杳杳没孤鸿。认得醉翁语，山色有无中。B(#)长记山堂上,枕江南烟雨，国帘中心落日绣帘卷，亭下水连空。知君为我新作，窗户湿青红。苏轼水调歌头·黄州快哉亭赠张握全入阅读下面这首宋词，完成1～2题。、古代诗歌阅读（本题共2小题，9分）座位号语文干，千个的，#高2025新高考题型专练卷·小题抢分（三）答题栏

18.阅读材料，回答问题。（12分）材料一湘军、淮军皆行募兵之制，招募精壮山农。湘军以“营哨制”为核心，每营五百余人，营官直辖亲兵，统带四哨，哨下分队，编制灵活。但是湘军的调遣、粮饷皆仰赖曾国藩个人，淮军也是如此，隶属于李鸿章魔下，军队效忠于主将而非国家，成为地方私军。其将官选拔多凭同乡、宗亲关系，晋升依赖个人赏识，而非专业能力。材料二1901年，清廷下令停止武科科举，推广军事学堂。1903年设练兵处，统筹全国新军编练，1906年改兵部为陆军部，统一军事指挥。新军实行“征募制”，士兵需经严格体检与文化测试，入伍后接受系统训练。新军编制仿西方，分军、镇、协、标、营、队、排、棚，下辖步兵、骑兵、炮兵、工程兵等多兵种，形成合成作战单位。新军粮饷由中央统一拨发，军队隶属于国家，不再依附于个人或地方。以上材料均摘编自林法想、周忠坚《从湘军淮军到清末新军：晚清军事变革与中国军队近代化》（1)根据材料，概括从湘军、淮军到清末新军的主要变化。（6分）（2）根据材料并结合所学知识，分析晚清军制发生上述变化的原因。（6分）19.阅读材料，回答问题。（14分）材料1927年3月21日，在国民革命军逼近上海之际，上海总工会发动总同盟罢工并转为武装起义，经30小时激战占领华界。3月22日，由工会、学联、商界等团体选举代表组成的临时市民代表会议召开，4000余名代表投票产生上海特别市临时市政府委员19人，含共产党员罗亦农、注寿华，国民党代表钮永建，商人虞洽卿，等等。3月23日，市政府于蓬莱路办公，颁布《临时公约草案》规定市民享有言论、罢工等自由，设立市、区两级代表会议为最高权力机关，由其选举执行委员会处理政务。4月初，市政府通过《政纲草案》108条，任命教育、财政等七部门负责人。因公共租界英军搜查大夏大学，市政府于4月10日决议“对英经济绝交”，并致电武汉国民政府要求收回租界。4月12日凌晨，国民党军队联合帮会武装突袭工人纠察队，14日以“市政府混有共产分子”为由搜查机关，逮捕执行委员十余人及职员二十余人。该政权实际存在24天后被武力解散。摘编自张仰亮《从上海临时市政府看北伐时期中共建政》（1)根据材料，概括上海临时市政府的政治诉求。（6分）(2)根据材料并结合所学知识，分析上海临时市政府成立的历史意义并总结其失败的教训。（8分）20.阅读材料，回答问题。（12分）材料表1中国古代“夷夏”观的演进历程（部分）时间范围核心思想春秋战国以华夏为主体，“用夏变夷”实现华夏一统唐朝主张并践行“华夷一体”思想；中唐兴起道统论辽、宋、夏金时期辽、金等政权用“华夏同源”的民族观论证自己的“正统”和以“德运”说对抗北宋的正统论元清消解宋明的狭隘华夷观，主张“华夷一家”“不分内外”摘编自胡兴东、胡昊《中国古代“大一统”理念演进史的学术考察》从表格材料中提取相关信息，自拟论题，结合所学中国古代史知识以阐述。（要求：论题明确，史论结合，史实准确，逻辑清晰。）