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Brain-computer interfaces are possible because of two facts.The first is that yourbrain contains hundreds of tiny maps.Each represents specific features of your physicalfeelings and intended actions.And crucially,the basic set of brain maps and theirlocations within the brain are very similar across individuals.Thanks to their specialized functions and universal locations,brain maps are idealentry points for BCI technologies.Picking up signals from a brain map is only the firststep in making a useful BCl.Although the location of a brain map is the same acrossindividuals,the details-what patterns of activity within the map mean-differ from person toperson.In a sense,the unique features of your specific brain maps serve as a kind ofencryption ()safeguarding your specific thoughts and feelings from would-bespies.That brings us to the second fact that makes BCls possible.Thanks to advances inmachine learning,scientists have developed programs that can learn to recognize keypatterns in a vast sea of numbers.They train these programs to decode (brainsignals by feeding them tons of examples.Researchers developing BCls often createsuch examples by instructing an individual to think specific thoughts at specific times,creating a neural curriculum for the program to learn from.While the universal features and locations of brain maps make them obviousentrances for BCls,the unique features of your brain maps tend to protect them fromspying eyes.In cases where BCls have successfully read specific thoughts or intentionsfrom a brain,it has been with the permission of the individual whose brain was beingread.But there are surreptitious ways to train decoders on your brain without yourknowledge.This can happen if your neural data falls into the hands of companies withdetailed information about your activities.Like all technologies,brain-computer interfaces are not necessarily good or bad.Yetwhile harvesting the benefits of BCls,we need to ensure that we have the means toprotect ourselves from corporations with every motive to take advantage of thistechnology for their financial gain.27.What can we learn about brain maps?A.They carry unique messages.B.They can process encrypted signals.C.Their functions vary from person to person.D.Their locations reveal human thinking patterns.高三英语第6页(共11页)

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